Fossil Energy Update
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Fossil Energy Update
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Fossil Energy Update written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Fossil fuels categories.
Fossil Energy Update
ACCESS HERE
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Fossil Energy Update written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with categories.
Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large An Update Based On Country Level Estimates
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Author : Mr.David Coady
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-05-02
Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large An Update Based On Country Level Estimates written by Mr.David Coady and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper updates estimates of fossil fuel subsidies, defined as fuel consumption times the gap between existing and efficient prices (i.e., prices warranted by supply costs, environmental costs, and revenue considerations), for 191 countries. Globally, subsidies remained large at $4.7 trillion (6.3 percent of global GDP) in 2015 and are projected at $5.2 trillion (6.5 percent of GDP) in 2017. The largest subsidizers in 2015 were China ($1.4 trillion), United States ($649 billion), Russia ($551 billion), European Union ($289 billion), and India ($209 billion). About three quarters of global subsidies are due to domestic factors—energy pricing reform thus remains largely in countries’ own national interest—while coal and petroleum together account for 85 percent of global subsidies. Efficient fossil fuel pricing in 2015 would have lowered global carbon emissions by 28 percent and fossil fuel air pollution deaths by 46 percent, and increased government revenue by 3.8 percent of GDP.
Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right A Global And Country Update Of Fossil Fuel Subsidies
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Author : Ian Parry
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-09-24
Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right A Global And Country Update Of Fossil Fuel Subsidies written by Ian Parry and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-24 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect their full private and social costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by mispricing fuels. The methodology improves over previous IMF analyses through more sophisticated estimation of costs and impacts of reform. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $5.9 trillion in 2020 or about 6.8 percent of GDP, and are expected to rise to 7.4 percent of GDP in 2025. Just 8 percent of the 2020 subsidy reflects undercharging for supply costs (explicit subsidies) and 92 percent for undercharging for environmental costs and foregone consumption taxes (implicit subsidies). Efficient fuel pricing in 2025 would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions 36 percent below baseline levels, which is in line with keeping global warming to 1.5 degrees, while raising revenues worth 3.8 percent of global GDP and preventing 0.9 million local air pollution deaths. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 191 countries.
The Collapsing Bubble
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Author : Lindsey Grant
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Collapsing Bubble written by Lindsey Grant and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Energy policy categories.
A courageous look at the world's dwindling energy resources. Contending that the energy debate has been cast in the wrong terms, Grant suggests that the problem would not be solved by asking: "What energy sources will be available to replace fossil fuels?' but by questioning: "What populations can be supported at a decent standard by the energy sources that will be available after the transition from fossil fuels?' Taking a brave stand, Grant suggests that with a bit of luck-we may be able to create a more harmonious balance with the rest of the biosphere, but at much lower population levels and less consumptive habits.
Hydrogen Energy
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Author : David Anthony James Rand
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2008
Hydrogen Energy written by David Anthony James Rand and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Science categories.
This book considers the prospects for hydrogen as a universal energy vector and is ideal for undergraduates, postgraduates and academics with an interest in hydrogen energy.
Cool Energy
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Author : Michael Brower
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1992
Cool Energy written by Michael Brower and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Science categories.
Ten years ago, America's brief love affair with renewable energy sources came to an abrupt end, the victim of declining oil prices and government indifference. But renewable energy remains the only viable long-term alternative to depletable and polluting oil, gas, and coal. Cool Energy provides the first major review of progress in the field of renewable energy technologies - solar, wind, biomass (plant matter), hydroelectric, and geothermal - since the mid-1980s. It analyzes their near-term and long-term potential to displace fossil fuels, and illuminates the role they could play in mitigating environmental problems such as air pollution, acid rain, and global warming. Energy-policy specialist Michael Brower argues that, with the right policies, renewable energy could provide as much as half of America's energy needs within forty years. He identifies the market barriers that will have to be removed and argues that if the hidden costs of fossil fuels are taken into consideration, renewables appear to be a cheaper source of new energy supply than fossil fuels: the reliability and efficiency of their equipment have improved and the cost of installing, maintaining, and running renewable systems has declined. Brower devotes a chapter to each renewable energy source, describes its current application, and discusses its costs. He also analyzes new technologies under development and assesses their positive and negative attributes. Introductory chapters set renewables in the context of current energy and environmental policy, and the last chapter outlines steps that can help speed the transition to a renewable-energy economy. Michael Brower is a physicist and holds the position of Research Director for the Union of Concerned Scientists.